Who is Considered to be a Parent?

A view of Cairo from the plane...

34 C.F.R. Section 300.30 defines the term "parent":
Parent includes a biological or adoptive parent; a guardian; a foster parent; an individual acting as a parent in the absence of a biological or adoptive parent or a guardian, who has legal responsibility for the child's welfare (including a grandparent, stepparent, or other relative); or a surrogate parent.
With regard to non-custodial parents, as long as the non-custodial parent's rights are not terminated or restricted through a court order, the non-custodial parent has equal rights to access the student's education record. The non-custodial parent retains the right to review or amend the records and consent to the disclosure of his or her child's records.